The understanding of inequality is the central tenet of this book. Amartya Sen discusses how it is important to come to grips with (1) the diversity of individuals (personal characteristics) and (2) that there exists a plurality of relevant "spaces" in which equality is formalized. Essentially, equality in one space goes with substantial inequalities in another. For example, variables such as incomes, wealth, utilities, liberties, primary goods, capabilities, etc., can all serve as the locust of comparison. The central question then becomes "equality of what?"
Take income for instance. If two individuals are provided with an equal yearly income, it would make logical sense that they are both now "equal." However, equality in monetary terms does not naturally suggest true equality. Taking the diversity of individuals into account, would ultimately throw a wrench into this logic of thinking. For example, one individual may have a severe health condition, ultimately exhausting all income, while the other individual, lives a perfectly normal life. Although monetarily equal, they differ greatly as individuals and how they utilize their income. This is where the plurality of relevant "spaces" exist. They both may have equality in terms of income, yet substantial inequalities in all other areas.
Since equality can be interpreted in so many different ways, it is important to note specifically, "equality of what?"
Amartya Sen is a Lamont University Professor and Professor of Economics and Philosophy at Harvard University.
